ZentraBio™ MOTS-c – 10 mg

Description

MOTS-c by ZentraBio — 10 mg Vial (Research Material)

Product Overview

MOTS-c by ZentraBio is a high-purity, research-grade preparation of the mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c (mitochondrial open-reading-frame of the 12S rRNA type-c). MOTS-c is widely studied as a mitochondria-to-nucleus signaling peptide involved in cellular stress adaptation and metabolic regulation, with strong preclinical evidence in models of insulin resistance and diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. (PubMed)

⚠️ For research use only. Not for human or veterinary use.

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Key Features

• Active compound: MOTS-c 10 mg (per vial)
• Format: Lyophilized research material (vial)
• Suggested research protocol: Defined by your institutional protocol and study design (no clinical dosing guidance is provided here)
• Mechanistic profile: Mitochondrial-encoded peptide implicated in Folate–AICAR–AMPK signaling, nuclear gene regulation under stress, and metabolic homeostasis pathways (PMC)
• Supplier: ZentraBio (research labeling and traceability intended for laboratory use)

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Scientific Background — What MOTS-c Is

MOTS-c is part of a broader class of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) encoded within the mitochondrial genome. Rather than functioning like a classical endocrine hormone alone, MOTS-c acts as a retrograde signal, enabling mitochondria to influence nuclear gene expression and cellular metabolism during stress.

References:

• Kim KH et al., Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2017
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28668303/

• Cobb LJ et al., Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, 2016
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27107601/

A foundational study demonstrated that MOTS-c administration in mice:

• Prevented age-dependent insulin resistance

• Protected against high-fat diet–induced metabolic dysfunction

• Reduced diet-induced obesity phenotypes

Reference:

• Lee C et al., Cell Metabolism, 2015
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26000750/

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Mechanistic Profile (Physiology-First, Research Context)

1) Folate–AICAR–AMPK Axis (Core Mechanistic Theme)

MOTS-c has been shown to interfere with the folate cycle, leading to accumulation of AICAR, a known AMPK activator, thereby linking mitochondrial stress signaling to systemic energy regulation.

References:

• Lee C et al., Cell Metabolism, 2015
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26000750/

• Kim SJ et al., Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2018
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6106948/

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2) Exercise-Associated Biology & Stress Adaptation

MOTS-c levels increase in response to exercise and metabolic stress, and experimental administration in mice has been reported to improve physical performance and metabolic adaptation.

References:

• Reynolds JC et al., Nature Communications, 2021
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8223490/

• Kim KH et al., Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2017
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28668303/

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3) Metabolic Homeostasis in Preclinical Models

Across rodent and cellular models, MOTS-c has been reported to:

• Improve insulin sensitivity

• Enhance glucose uptake

• Reduce lipid accumulation

• Modulate inflammatory signaling associated with metabolic disease

References:

• Lee C et al., Cell Metabolism, 2015
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26000750/

• Lu H et al., Aging Cell, 2019
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30791224/

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Human Data — What Exists vs What’s Assumed

What exists (observational / biomarker-level)

Human studies primarily examine circulating MOTS-c concentrations and their association with metabolic markers.

One observational study reported that plasma MOTS-c levels were not significantly different between lean and obese individuals, but associations with insulin resistance indices were context-dependent.

Reference:

• Du C et al., Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2019
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6742707/

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What does not exist

• No randomized controlled trials demonstrating disease prevention

• No approved pharmaceutical formulations

• No validated clinical dosing guidelines

This distinction is critical when interpreting online claims.

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Research Highlights — Why Laboratories Study MOTS-c

MOTS-c is investigated for:

• Insulin resistance & metabolic dysfunction
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26000750/

• Exercise-mimetic & performance biology
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8223490/

• Mitochondria-to-nucleus signaling
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27107601/

• Inflammation–metabolism interface
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6106948/

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Research-Context Dosage Ranges (Educational Reference Only)

⚠️ Educational context only — not clinical guidance

Reported experimental and anecdotal research-use ranges discussed in the literature and laboratory forums:

• Exploratory range: ~100–250 mcg

• Common research range: ~250–500 mcg

• Upper experimental range (reported, not established): ~500–1,000 mcg

Notes:

• Human dose-response data are not established

• Effects appear highly context-dependent

• Chronic exposure has unknown long-term consequences

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Handling & Storage (Laboratory Guidance)

• Store refrigerated per institutional SOP

• Protect from light and heat

• Avoid repeated temperature cycling

• Follow validated sterility and stability procedures for reconstitution

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Safety & Regulatory Disclaimer

MOTS-c by ZentraBio is supplied solely for laboratory research purposes.

It is not intended for human consumption, diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease. Handle according to GLP/GMP-adjacent laboratory standards, including PPE, documentation, and controlled access.

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Final Perspective

MOTS-c is best understood as a mitochondrial stress-response signaling peptide with:

• Strong mechanistic rationale

• Robust preclinical metabolic data

• Early but limited human biomarker evidence

The scientifically responsible position is to treat MOTS-c as a research tool for studying metabolic resilience, stress adaptation, and age-associated metabolic decline, while remaining explicit about the current limits of human outcome data.